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Advertisement


Advertisement is a communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain and use them. Many advertisements are also designed to generate increased consumption of those products and services through the creation and reinforcement of brand image and brand loyalty. For these purposes advertisements often contain both factual information and persuasive messages. Every major medium is used to deliver these messages, including: television, radio, movies, magazines, newspapers, video games, the Internet and billboards. Advertising is often placed by an advertising agency on behalf of a company.
In short, Advertisement is :
Information for persuading and motivating people so that it will attract them to the service and the thing that are offered or informed.
Function of advertisement :
Promotion
Communication
Information
In making an advertisement keep the following points :
1. Language of advertisement :
Using the correct or suitable words.
Using the interesting and suggestive expression.
Using positive expression
Text of advertisement should be directed to the goals.
2. Content of advertisement :
Objective and honest
Brief and clear
Not mocking to group or other producer.

Example of advertisement :

1.Mobile billboard advertising
Mobile Billboards are flat-panel campaign units in which their sole purpose is to carry advertisements along dedicated routes selected by clients prior to the start of a campaign. Mobile Billboard companies do not typically carry third-party cargo or freight. Mobile displays are used for various situations in metropolitan areas throughout the world, including:
1.Target advertising
2.One day,and long term campaigns
3.Convention
4.Sporting events
5.Store openings or other similar promotional events
6.Big advertisements from smaller companies

2.Public service advertising
The same advertising techniques used to promote commercial goods and services can be used to inform, educate and motivate the public about non-commercial issues, such as AIDS, political ideology, energy conservation, and global warming.

3.Commercial advertising
Commercial advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema and television ads, web banners, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts, web popups, skywriting, bus stop benches,, magazines, newspapers, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an "identified" sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is commercial advertising.


4.Covert advertising
Covert advertising is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media. For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a definite brand, as in the movie Minority Report, where Tom Cruise's character John Anderton owns a phone with the Nokia logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgari logo. Another example of advertising in film is in I, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them "classics," because the film is set far in the future. I, Robot and Spaceballs also showcase futuristic cars with the Audi and Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie The Matrix Reloaded, which as a result contained many scenes in which Cadillac cars were used. Similarly, product placement for Omega Watches, Ford, Vaio, and cars are featured in recent James Bond films, Casino Royale

Appointment


Appointment tells about agreement for meeting. It is good to make an appointment before you meet someone or people



I. Making an Appointment

§ I’d like to make an appointment with Kristian

• I want to make an appointment to see…..

• I’d like you to come and see

• Can I come and see you?

· I’ll be there

· What about….(thank you)



II. Accepting an Appointment

• All right, see you there

• No problem, I’m free on….(Thursday)

• Be there on time

• I’ll wait for you

• It’s a deal



III. Canceling an Appointment

• I’m sorry, I’m very busy

• I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment

• I’m afraid I have to postpone my appointment with….(Dr. Stephen Tong) tomorrow morning



IV. Changing an Appointment

• What about …..(Thursday at 04.00 p.m.)

• Is that ok, if we meet at…..

• Well, I must be off now. I’ll talk to you later!

• Could we change the schedule of the meeting?

• Do you have another time this afternoon

Recount Text


The Definition Of Recount Text
Recount text is a text that is used to retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.
The generic structures of recount text are :
• Orientation ( it gives the readers the background information needed to understand the text such as who was involved, where it happened, when it happened)
• Events (a series of events, ordered in a chronological sequence)
• Re-orientation (restates the writer’s opinion or personal comment of the writer on the incident


The significant Lexicogrammatical features :
- Use of simple past tense
- Use of temporal conjunctions (when, after, before, next, later, then)
- Use of personal pronoun (I, we)


This sample recount is labelled to show you the structure and language features of a recount text.

TITLE : A visit to a sheep property

ORIENTATION :
Last holidays I visited a sheep property. I helped in the shearing sheds and in the yards.

SEQUENCE OF EVENTS :
On the first day the Merino wethers were crutched. I helped by sweeping up after the rouseabout picked up the wool pieces. Shearers start early (at 7.30 am).

After lunch, we started shearing the lambs. There were more than 400 so we didn't finish until the next day. Once again I was sweeping and picking up dags.

I was tired by the end of the day in the shed but our work wasn't finished. We all had to help to get the wethers and lambs back into the paddocks. As well, we had to get a mob of ewes and their lambs into the yards for shearing the next day. Then it was time for tea (that's what my nanna calls dinner).

REORIENTATION :
This was a very long day but I enjoyed it a lot.


Past Tense - visited, had

Action Terms - crutched - helped

Indicates When - After lunch

Indicates Where - in the shed

Focuses on Individuals - I , We

so

What is recount text?
-It is a text that tells us about what had happened in series of events in sequence.

What is the function?
-To tell an event in the past time chronologically

What is the generic structure of recount text?
-Orientation
-Series of events
-Reorientation

What is in Orientation?
-In orientation the writer at least introduces the main character(s), the location and the time. To make it easier we can answer the questions:
*Who involved in the story?
*Where it happened?
*When it happened?

What are in series of events?
-In series of events the writer writes the events chronologically. It begins from the first event, followed by the second event to the the last event. The sum of events depend on the creativity of the writer.

What is in reorientation?
-In reorientation the writer draw a conclusion or gives comment about the story. Not all recount text closed by reorientation. It is optional.

Perfect Tense


perfect tense is the past tense used to describe completed (thus "perfect") actions in the past.

The perfect can be contrasted to the imperfect tense, which describes incomplete (thus "imperfect") actions in the past. The imperfect is sometimes called past continuous.

In most languages the perfect is constructed by the use of an auxiliary verb (either to be or to have) in the present and the past participle[dubious – discuss]. The tense thus describes an action which is presently in the past, in contrast to the pluperfect (for an action which in the past was already in the past) and the future perfect (an action which will be in the past).

Other names are sometimes given to the perfect tense. In English the perfect tense is often misleadingly referred to as the present perfect, an allusion to the auxiliary verb component in the present tense. The term "composed past" is also used in languages where this past tense is composed of an auxiliary and a participle.

In some languages, the perfect tense is effectively the same as the preterite tense, or the aorist tense, but these two terms are not actually synonymous with the perfect tense.




present perfect tense
1.S-Have/has+ Verb 3

We use the Present Perfect Tense to talk about experiences. It is important if we have done it in our lives or not. It is not important when we did it.

Examples
I have been abroad two times.
Anna has never broken a leg.
Have you ever eaten sushi?

Tip! We often use never and ever with the Present Perfect Tense to talk about experience.
2.

We use the Present Perfect Tense to talk about an action which started in the past and continuous up to now.

Examples
I have been a teacher for more than ten years.
We haven't seen Janine since Friday.
How long have you been at this school?

Tip! We often use since and for to say how long the action has lasted.
3.

We also use the Present Perfect Tense to talk about a past action that has the result in the present.

Examples
I have lost my wallet. = I don't have it now.
Jimmy has gone to South America. = He isn't here now.
Have you finished your homework? = Is your homework ready?

Tip! We often use just, already and yet with the Present Perfect Tense for an action in the past with the result in the present.

Past perfect tense
formula:
(+) S + Had + verb-III + O
example

* I Had slept when you come to my house last night
* They had already gone to bandung when you called me
* When my brother arrived ,
* I had painted my motor cycleThe ship had left before I arrived

(-) S + Had + not + verb-III + O
example

* I Had Not slept when you come to my house last night
* They had Not gone to bandung when you called me
* When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
* The ship hadn’t left before I arrived

(?) Had + S + verb-III + O + ?
example

* Had I slept when you come to my house last night?
* Had They already gone to bandung when you called me?
* Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?
* Had the ship left before I arrived?

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Sekarang)
formula
(+) S+have/has+been+verb 1-ing+O
example

* She has been going to Malang since evening
* We have been riding a horse for three days

(-) S+have/has+not+been+verb 1-ing+O
example

* She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
* We haven’t been riding a horse for three days.

(?) have/has+S+been+verb 1-ing+O+?

* Has she been going to Malang ?
* Have He been riding a horse for three days ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Waktu Berlangsung Sempurna Lampau)
formula
(+) S + had + been + Verb 1-ing + O
example:

* They had been living there for two month
* When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton

(-)S + had + not + been + Verb 1-ing + O

* They hadn’t been living there for two month
* When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton

(?) S + had + been + Verb 1-ing + O+ ?
example

* Had they been living there for two month?
* When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?

sympathy expression


The definition of sympathy expression: Sympathy expression is an expression or feeling of pity and sorrow when we know and see someone or people are unlucky or have trouble and in bad condition. By expressing sympathy we want to show our concern or carefulness on other people’s condition. How can we give sympathy expression to someone? We express it directly to him/her orally or we can use a letter or card by post also by short message service (SMS), e-mail, television, radio, and newspaper if he/she who got the trouble is far from us. Several expressions of sympathy : - I’d like to express my deepest condolences - I’m sorry to hear that - I’m awfully sorry about… - Oh, how awful! - Oh, dear! - You must be very upset - Oh, what a shame - How pity you are! - How terrible / awful for you

example of sympathy expressions Dyna : Yesterday i lose my phone Dyka :Oh dear! I know what you feel Dyna : hff...but hfff forget it Lia : Im sorry to hear that Dyna : yes,thankz to your sympathy Dyka,Lia :Welcome ga susah kan?? so mulai lah bersympathy expression sekarang (bukannya doaain ada yang sususah loo :p )

Procedure Text


Procedure text is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses the simple present tense, often the imperative sentences. It also usually uses the temporal conjunctions, such as first, second, then, next, etc.


Procedure Text use :
- Simple present tense
- Imperative sentences
- Temporal conjunctions, such as first, second, then, next, finally.


The purpose of procedure text :
- To tell how to make or operate something step by step.
- To describe how something is accomplished trough a sequence of actions or steps.


The structure of a procedure text :
1. Aim/ goal (or title).
2. Materials (not required for all procedure texts).
3. Steps.


Example :

THE BASIC OPERATION OF A DIGITAL CAMERA

You need :
1. a digital camera.
2. an object (a friend/ classmate or something interesting you can find around the classroom or school yard)

Follow the steps below to take pictures!
1. Hold up the camera and center the object in the LCD.
2. Move closer or use the zoom control for the result you want.
3. When you’re ready to take the picture, hold the shutter halfway. It is very important, so the camera sets the focus, shutter speed, and various other calculations. This may take a few seconds.
4. A light should appear that lets you know the camera is set to go.
5. Press shutter all the way down.
It may be necessary to turn off the LCD and use the view finder when there is extreme sunlight or to conserve battery life. The glare from the LCD does not work well with bright light..



Example :

HOW TO MAKE A SANDWICH ( AIM / GOAL )

You need :
• 2 slices of bread
• Peanut butter
• A banana
• Honey

What you should do are : ( steps )
• Take two slices of bread
• Spread peanut butter
• Cut up a banana onto small slices and put them on one of the slices
• Pour some honey over the bananas
• Put the other slices of bread on top

Gaining Attention


Gaining Attention is a way or expression that is spoken so that other people will pay their attention to what we want to.

Kind of expressing gaining attention :

 Attention please
 May/can I have you attention please
 Excuse me
 Look here
 Look at me, please
 Listen to me, please
 Waiter
 I hope you can syaw me
 I’m sorry, but …..
 Silent, please
 Be quite
 Don’t be noisy!

To response the expression about something, we can use :
 I’m listening
 I’m ready to hear now
 Let’s hear it together
 Let’s pay attention announcement
 I know







Showing attention :
 How beautiful!
 That’s wonderful!
 What’s the matter?
 Is every thing alright?
 That’s terrific!
 Oh really? Is what it true.
 Oh my god. What happens?

Appointment


Appointment is a kind of expression which is used to conduct appointment.

Appointment is to tell us or someone that you will definitely do something.

Making an appointment :
 Will you go out with me tonight?
 I want to make an appointment to see…
 What if we go shopping this afternoon?
 Can I come and see you?

Accepting an appointment :
 all right, see you there
 no, problem, I’m free on ..(Saturday)
 I’ll wait for you
 It’s a deal

Example :

Dea : Hey Lia will you go out with me tonight?
Lia : Sure, see you there..

Declining an appointment :
 I’m sorry. I can’t. what about.. (Sunday at 05.00 p.m)
 I’d love to, but I can’t
 I’m sorry, I have another appointment
 I really want to, but I can’t



Example :

Via : Will you come to my house tomorrow ?
Lia : Oh, I’m sorry Via. I have another appointment..hehe

Canceling an appointment :
 I’m sorry, I’m very busy
 I’m terrible sorry I have to put off my appointment
 I’m afraid/have to postpone my appointment with .. (jacob) tomorrow morning

Example :

Kida : Mira I’m so sorry. I can’t meet you today. Can we meet another day?hehe
Mira : Oh my good. Ok, I understand.

Invitation


Invitation is the invitation given by one person to attend an important event, such as birthdays, anniversary, birth of children school graduation, separation, and the anniversary of the company agency.

How to invite someone :
- I would like you to…
- We would be pleased if you could…
- Would you please attend my party tonight?
- Would you like to…?

Example :

Would you mind to my birthday party?

And to accept that invitation you can say like this :
How to accept an invitation :
- O.K
- I would love to
- I will come
- Thank you. Yes I would like to…
- Yes, I would. Thanks
- That would be very nice. Thank you.
- All right!

But if you want to refuse/decline the invitation, you can say like this.
How to refuse/decline an invitation :
- I would love to, but…
- Yhat’s very kind of you, but…
- Sorry, that wouldn’t be possible. Thanks anyway.
- I’m afraid. I can’t.
- I can’t for now because I’m busy.

This is example for birthday party :

Princess Baby is turing for
You’re invited to a princess and pirate party
Date : August 8, 2009
Time : 2 p.m to 4 p.m
Place : Our home in Mackay

Narrative Text


Narrative text is a text tell about fantasy story like a fable, folktale, myth, legend.

Fuction of the text is to amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experiences in different ways.
Narrative always deals with some problems which lead to the climax & then turn into a solution to the problem.

Gereric structure of narrative text :

Orientation : it sets the scane & introduces the participants (who,what,when & where).
Complication : a crisis or a problem arises.
Resolution : a resolution of the problem (for better or worse) can end in the gladness or in the sadness.

Example :

Orientation : sefs the scene & introduces the characters (it answer the questions who,when,what & where).
Complication : in which a crisis or a problem arises followed by other problems.
Resdution : a solution to the problem (for better or for worse).








Language features :

• The use of noun phrases example a beautiful princess, a huge temple.
• The use of connectives example first, before that, then, finally.
• The use of adverbial phrase of time & place example in the garden, two days ago.
• The use of simple past tense example he walked away from the vellage
• The use of action verbs example walk, sleep, wake up.

Happiness expression


Happiness Expression


Happiness Expression is an expression that is use to show that some one or people are glad have excited feelings.

The expressing of happy is expression it succed to get what we need, I’f we happy to see, to meet or to be aquainted someone.

Example :

• Fantastic
• That’s good
• I’m very glad to see you!
• I’m very pleased with it
• I can’t say how pleased
• I’m very happy!!!